How to check for gynecological HPV: comprehensive analysis of the inspection process and precautions
HPV (human papillomavirus) infection is one of the common gynecological problems in women. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV may lead to cervical cancer. In recent years, with the improvement of health awareness, HPV testing has become the focus of women's attention. This article will introduce in detail the HPV test methods, procedures, precautions and related data to help women better understand this important test.
1. Common methods of HPV testing
Currently, HPV testing is mainly performed in the following ways:
| Check method | Description | Applicable people |
|---|---|---|
| HPV DNA testing | Collect cervical cell samples to detect the presence and typing of HPV viruses | Women over 21 years old, especially women who are sexually active |
| TCT examination (thin-layer liquid-based cytology test) | Check cervical cells for abnormal changes, often combined with HPV testing | Women over 30 years old, or HPV-positive patients |
| colposcopy | Observe the cervix, vagina and other parts under magnification to detect suspicious lesions | Women who are HPV positive or have abnormal TCT |
| Biopsy | Take a small amount of tissue for pathological examination to confirm whether cancer has occurred | Patients with high suspicion of cancer |
2. Specific process of HPV examination
1.Preparation before inspection: Avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal medication and douching 3 days before the examination; avoid menstrual period; no need to fast.
2.Check process:
- The doctor will use a special brush to collect exfoliated cervical cells. The process takes about 1-2 minutes and may cause slight discomfort.
- The sample is sent to the laboratory for testing, and results are usually available within 3-7 days.
3.Things to note after inspection: There may be a small amount of bleeding after the examination, which is normal; avoid strenuous exercise and sexual life within 1-2 days.
3. Interpretation of HPV test results
| Check results | meaning | Suggestions |
|---|---|---|
| HPV negative | No HPV infection detected | Regular screening (every 3-5 years) |
| HPV positive (low risk type) | May cause genital warts, low risk of cancer | Observe symptoms and treat if necessary |
| HPV positive (high-risk type) | May increase cervical cancer risk | Combined with TCT results, regular follow-up or further examination |
| HPV positive+TCT abnormality | Precancerous lesions may exist | Colposcopy or biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis |
4. Frequently Asked Questions about HPV Testing
1.Is the HPV test painful?The exam is similar to a routine gynecological exam and may be slightly uncomfortable, but is usually tolerable.
2.Does being HPV positive definitely lead to cervical cancer?Not necessarily. Most HPV infections can be cleared by the immune system within 1-2 years, and only persistent infection may develop into precancerous lesions.
3.Do HPV tests need to be done every year?General recommendations: 21-29 years old should have TCT every 3 years; 30-65 years old should have HPV+TCT joint examination every 5 years, or TCT alone every 3 years.
4.Do I still need to get tested after getting the HPV vaccine?Needed. The vaccine cannot cover all high-risk HPV types, so regular screening is still essential.
5. Recommendations for preventing HPV infection
1. Get HPV vaccine (the best age for vaccination is 9-26 years old, and people under 45 years old can also get vaccinated)
2. Maintain a single sex partner and use condoms
3. Enhance immunity: regular work and rest, balanced diet, moderate exercise
4. Regular gynecological examinations for early detection and early intervention
HPV examination is an important part of women's health management. Understanding the examination process and significance can help eliminate fear and respond scientifically to the examination results. It is recommended that female friends undergo regular HPV screening based on their age and doctor’s advice to protect their own health.
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